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AP2014/A
SYNCHRONOUS PWM CONTROLLER
Features
* * * * * * * * * * Synchronous Controller in 8-Pin Package Operating with single 5V or 12V supply voltage Internal 200KHz Oscillator (400KHz for AP2014A) Soft-Start Function Fixed Frequency Voltage Mode 500mA Peak Output Drive Capability Protects the output when control FET is shorted Lead Free Package SOP-8L SOP-8L: Available in "Green" Molding Compound (No Br, Sb) Lead Free Finish/ RoHS Compliant (Note 1)
General Description
The AP2014 controller IC is designed to provide a low cost synchronous Buck regulator for on-board DC to DC converter applications. With today's ASIC products requiring supply voltages at 1.8V and lower, when the output current is as much as 3A and the input voltage is at either 3.3V or 5V, traditional linear regulator simply incurs too much loss within itself. The AP2014 together with dual N-channel MOSFETs provide a low cost solution for such applications. This device features an internal 200KHz oscillator (400KHz for "A" version), under-voltage lockout for both Vcc and Vc supplies, an external programmable soft-start function as well as output under-voltage detection that latches off the device when an output short is detected.
Applications
* * * * Graphic Card Hard Disk Drive DDR memory source sink Vtt application Low cost on-board DC to DC such as 5V to 3.3V, 2.5V or 1.8V
Ordering Information
AP 2014/A S X - 13
Package S : SOP-8L Lead Free L : Lead Free G : Green Packing
13 : Tape & Reel
Device
Lead-free
Lead-free
AP2014SL-13 AP2014SG-13 AP2014ASL-13 AP2014ASG-13
Notes:
Package Code S S S S
Packaging (Note 2) SOP-8L SOP-8L SOP-8L SOP-8L
13" Tape and Reel Quantity Part Number Suffix 2500/Tape & Reel -13 2500/Tape & Reel -13 2500/Tape & Reel -13 2500/Tape & Reel -13
1. EU Directive 2002/95/EC (RoHS). All applicable RoHS exemptions applied, see EU Directive 2002/95/EC Annex Notes. 2. Pad layout as shown on Diodes Inc. suggested pad layout document AP02001, which can be found on our website at http://www.diodes.com/datasheets/ap02001.pdf.
AP2014/A Rev. 5
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FEBRUARY 2009
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AP2014/A
SYNCHRONOUS PWM CONTROLLER
Pin Assignment
( Top View )
FB VCC LDrv GND 1 2 3 4 8 7 6 5 SS Comp Vc HDrv
SOP-8L
Pin Descriptions
Pin Name FB Vcc LDrv GND HDrv Vc Pin No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 Description This pin is connected directly to the output of the switching regulator via resistor divider to provide feedback to the Error amplifier. This pin provides biasing for the internal blocks of the IC as well as power for the low side driver. A minimum of 1uF, high frequency capacitor must be connected from this pin to ground to provide peak drive current capability. Output driver for the synchronous power MOSFET. This pin serves as the ground pin and must be connected directly to the ground plane. A high frequency capacitor (0.1 to 1uF) must be connected from V5 and V12 pins to this pin for noise free operation. Output driver for the high side power MOSFET. This pin is connected to a voltage that must be at least 4V higher than the bus voltage of the switcher (assuming 5V threshold MOSFET) and powers the high side output driver. A minimum of 1uF, high frequency capacitor must be connected from this pin to ground to provide peak drive current capability. Compensation pin of the error amplifier. An external resistor and capacitor network is typically connected from this pin to ground to provide loop compensation. This pin provides soft-start for the switching regulator. An internal current source charges an external capacitor that is connected from this pin to ground which ramps up the output of the switching regulator, preventing it from overshooting as well as limiting the input current. The converter can be shutdown by pulling this pin below 0.5V.
Comp
7
SS
8
AP2014/A Rev. 5
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AP2014/A
SYNCHRONOUS PWM CONTROLLER
Block Diagram
Vc 6 3V 20uA 0.5V SS 8 POR 64uA Max 1.25V 25K Fb Comp 1 7 Vcc + 0.2V 4.0V Vc 3.5V + 0.2V 4 GND Bias Generator 3V 1.25V POR 25K Ct Error Amp + FbLo Comp + POR
Oscillator + Error Comp S R Q
5 HDrv
2 3
Vcc LDrv
Reset Dom
AP2014/A Rev. 5
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AP2014/A
SYNCHRONOUS PWM CONTROLLER
Typical Application Circuit
(1)
VIN=5V Vc=12V C8 470u C3 1u R3 8.2
1 2 3 4
C11 0.1u
C4 0.1u
U1 8 FB SS Vcc Comp 7 Vc 6 LDrv GND HDrv 5 C6 AP2014 10nF
R1 820
Q1 L1 5.6u/9.0 Q2
R2 3.3K Vout +1.5V/7.0A
C5 0.47u
C12 R6 22k C20 100p 470u
C13 470u
C17 0.1u
(2)
VIN=12V D2 1N4148
D1
C1 0.1uF
C8 470u
C11 0.1u
1N4148
R3 8.2
C4 0.1u U1 FB SS Vcc Comp Vc LDrv GND HDrv AP2014
R1 820
C3 100u
1 2 3 4
8 7 6 5 C6 10nF
Q1 L1 5.6u/9A
R2 3.3K Vout +1.5V/7.0A
C5 0.47u
Q2 C12 R6 6.8k C20 100p Option 470u C13 470u C17 0.1u
Single Supply 12V Input
AP2014/A Rev. 5
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AP2014/A
SYNCHRONOUS PWM CONTROLLER
Typical Application Circuit
(3)
(Continued)
VIN=12V D2 1N4148 D1 1N4148
C1 0.1uF
C8 470u
C11 0.1u
R3 8.2
C4 0.1u U1 FB SS Vcc Comp Vc LDrv GND HDrv AP2014
R1 10K
C3 100u
1 2 3 4
8 7 6 5 C6 10nF
Q1 L1 10uH/6A
R2 3K Vout +5V/5.0A
C5 0.47u
Q2 C13 R6 39k C20 100p 470u C17 0.1u
Single Supply 12V Input
(4)
VIN=24V RZD 1.2K D1 C1 0.1uF C8 470u D2 1N4148 R3 8.2 1N4148 C11 0.1u
C4 0.1u U1 FB SS Vcc Comp Vc LDrv GND HDrv AP2014
R1 10K
R3 8.2 ZD 6.2V C3 100u C5 0.47u
1 2 3 4
8 7 6 5 C6 10nF
Q1-1 L1 10uH/6A
R2 3.3K Vout +5V/4.0A
Q1-2 C13 R6 47k C20 100p 470u C17 0.1u
IZD(15mA)=(VIN-VD2-VZD)/RZD Single Supply 24V Input
AP2014/A Rev. 5 5 of 14 FEBRUARY 2009
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AP2014/A
SYNCHRONOUS PWM CONTROLLER
Typical Application Circuit
(5)
+12V R4 0R
(Continued)
+12V_BUS
C3 1u
C7 470u
C9 470u
C10 470u
+12V R1 2.2K R9 R 8 7 6 5 R2 1K L1 4.7u D2 SBD optional Vout +1.26V
R7 0R 1 2 3 4
C4 0.1u U1 FB SS Vcc Comp LDrv Vc GND HDrv AP2014A
R3 11 C11 0.1u C5 1u
Q1 70T03H
C6 5600pF
Q2 70T03H C20 10p
C12 470u
C13 470u
C15 470u
C17 0.1u
R6 39k
AP2014/A Rev. 5
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AP2014/A
SYNCHRONOUS PWM CONTROLLER
Typical Application Circuit
(Continued)
(6) Dual Supply, 5V Bus and 12V Bias Input
5V 12V C1 0.1uF C1 1uF + C3 100uF L1 1uH + C4 47uF
Vcc
Vc HDrv Q1 L2 Q2 10uH + C6 220uF
AP1187 +
1.8V/1A C5 47uF 2.5V/2A
AP2014
C8 10nF R1 3.3K Comp LDrv
Fb SS C7 0.1uF GND R2 1K R3 1K
C9 0.1uF Vcc Vc
C10 1uF
+ C11
Q3 HDrv L3 10uH Q4 3.3V/1.8A + C12 220uF
AP2014
C14 10nF R4 3.3K Comp LDrv
Fb SS GND C13 0.1uF R5 1K R6 1.65K
Dual Supply, 5V Bus and 12V Bias Input
AP2014/A Rev. 5
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SYNCHRONOUS PWM CONTROLLER
Absolute Maximum Ratings
Symbol VCC Vc TST TOP JC JA
Notes:
Parameter VCC Supply Voltage Vc Supply Voltage (not rated for inductive load) Storage Temperature Range Operating Junction Temperature Range Thermal Resistance Junction to Case Thermal Resistance Junction to Ambient
Rating 20 32 -65 to +150 0 to +125 7 160
Unit V V o C o C o C/W o C/W
3. Test conditions for SOP-8L: Device mounted on 2oz copper, minimum recommended pad layout, FR-4 PCB.
Electrical Characteristics
Unless otherwise specified, these specifications apply over VCC=5V, VC=12V and TA=0 to 70C. Typical values refer to TA =25C. Low duty cycle pulse testing is used which keeps junction and case temperatures equal to the ambient temperature.
Symbol Reference Voltage VFB LREG UVLO UVLO VCC UVLO VC FB Voltage
Parameter
Conditions AP2014 AP2014A 5 < Vcc < 12 Supply Ramping Up Supply Ramping Up FB Ramping Down (AP2014) FB Ramping Down (AP2014A)
Min. 1.225 0.784 4.0 3.1 0.4 0.3 -
Typ. 1.25 0.800 0.2 4.2 0.25 3.3 0.2 0.6 0.4 0.1 7 7 3.3 1 20 -0.1 -64 600 200 400 1.25 50 50 150 90 0
Max. 1.275 0.816 0.35 4.4 3.5 0.8 0.5 10 10 6 4.5 30 750 230 460 1.275 100 100 250 95 -
Unit V % V V V V V V V mA mA mA mA A A A mho KHz KHz V ns ns ns % %
FB Voltage Line Regulation UVLO Threshold - VCC UVLO Hysteresis - VCC UVLO Threshold - VC UVLO Hysteresis - VC UVLO Threshold - FB UVLO Hysteresis - FB
UVLO FB
Supply Current Operation ICC Operation IC VCC Operation Supply Current VC Operation Supply Current Freq=200KHz, CL=1500pF Freq=200KHz, CL=1500pF SS=0V SS=0V SS=0V SS=3V, FB=1V SS=0V, FB=1V 10 450 170 340 1.225 50 85 0
ICCQ VCC Static Supply Current ICQ VC Static Supply Current Soft-Start Section SSIB Charge Current Error Amp IFB1 FB Voltage Input Bias Current IFB2 FB Voltage Input Bias Current gm Transconductance Oscillator Freq VRAMP Output Drivers Tr Tf TDB TON TOFF
AP2014/A Rev. 5
Frequency Ramp-Amplitude Voltage Rise Time Fall Time Dead Band Time Max Duty Cycle Min Duty Cycle
AP2014 AP2014A
CL =1500pF CL =1500pF FB=1V, Freq=200KHz FB=1.5V
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SYNCHRONOUS PWM CONTROLLER
Typical Performance Characteristics
Efficiency vs. Iout
100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 30% 20% 10% 0%
0.0 0.5 1.0 3.0 5.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 15.0
Load Regulation
2.0% 1.8%
Load Regulation (%)
1.6% 1.4% 1.2% 1.0% 0.8% 0.6% 0.4% 0.2% 0.0%
0.0 0.5 1.0 3.0 5.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 15.0
Efficiency (%)
Iout(A)
Iout(A)
1.260
Line Regulation
2.530
Line Regulation
Output Voltage (V)
Feedback Voltage (V)
2.525 2.520 2.515 2.510 2.505 2.500
1.255
1.250
1.245
1.240 4.5 5.0 7.0 9.0 11.0 12.0 15.0
4.5
5.0 7.0
9.0 11.0 12.0 15.0
Vin(V)
Vin(V)
Frequency vs. Vin
210.0 205.0
240.0 230.0 220.0
Frequency vs. Temperature
Frequency (KHz)
Frequency (KHz)
4.5 5.0 7.0 9.0 11.0 12.0 15.0
200.0 195.0 190.0 185.0 180.0 175.0
210.0 200.0 190.0 180.0 170.0 160.0 150.0
-40 -20 0 25 50
o
Vin(V)
75
100 125
Temperature ( C)
AP2014/A Rev. 5
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SYNCHRONOUS PWM CONTROLLER
Typical Performance Characteristics
Icc and Iccq vs. Vin
(Continued)
Ic and Icq vs. Vin
16.00 14.00
15.00
Icc and Iccq (mA)
Ic and Icq (mA)
13.00 11.00 9.00 7.00 5.00 3.00 4.5 5 7 9 11 12 15 Icc(mA) Iccq(mA)
12.00 10.00 8.00 6.00 4.00 2.00 4.5 5 7 9 11 12 15 Ic(mA) Icq(mA)
Vin(V)
Vin(V)
10.0 9.5 9.0
Icc and Ic vs. Temperature
1.30 Icc(mA) Ic(mA) 1.28 1.26 1.24 1.22 1.20 -40 -20 0 25 50
Vfb vs. Temperature
8.5 8.0 7.5 7.0 6.5 6.0 75 100 125
Feedback Voltage (V)
Icc and Ic (mA)
Temperature ( C)
o
-40
-20
0
25
50
Temperature ( C)
o
75
100 125
AP2014A Ic and Icc vs Vc
21.0 19.0 17.0 15.0 13.0 11.0 9.0 7.0 5.0 3.0 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24
AP2014 Ic and Icc vs Vc
20.0 18.0 16.0 14.0 12.0 10.0 8.0 6.0 4.0 2.0 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 Vc(V) Ic(mA) Icc(mA)
Ic(mA) Icc(mA)
Vc(V)
AP2014/A Rev. 5
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SYNCHRONOUS PWM CONTROLLER
Typical Performance Characteristics
Vout Ripple Vcc=5V; Vc=12V; Vout=2.5V Iout=0.5A, Vripple=30.8mV
(Continued)
Vout Ripple Vcc=5V; Vc=12V; Vout=2.5V Iout=5A, Vripple=33.2mV
Dead time vs. Iout Vcc=5V, Vc=12V, Vout=2.5V, Iout=0.5A, Temp=28oC Dead time = 150ns Dead time = 150ns
Phase
Highside GATE
Lowside GATE
Dead time vs. Iout Vcc=5V, Vc=12V, Vout=2.5V, Iout=5A , Temp=28oC Dead time = 160ns Dead time = 150ns Phase
Highside GATE
Lowside GATE
AP2014/A Rev. 5
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AP2014/A
SYNCHRONOUS PWM CONTROLLER
Functional Descriptions
Introduction The AP2014 is a fixed frequency, voltage mode synchronous controller and consists of a precision reference voltage, an error amplifier, an internal oscillator, a PWM comparator, 0.5A peak gate driver, soft-start and shutdown circuits (see Block Diagram).
The output voltage of the synchronous converter is set and controlled by the output of the error amplifier; this is the amplified error signal from the sensed output voltage and the reference voltage. This voltage is compared to a fixed frequency linear sawtooth ramp and generates fixed frequency pulses of variable duty-cycle, which drives the two N-channel external MOSFETs.The timing of the IC is provided through an internal oscillator circuit which uses on-chip capacitor to set the oscillation frequency to 200 KHz (400 KHz for "A" version).
Soft-Start The AP2014 has a programmable soft-start to control the output voltage rise and limit the current surge at the start-up. To ensure correct start-up, the soft-start sequence initiates when the VC and VCC rise above their threshold (3.3V and 4.2V respectively) and generates the Power On Reset (POR) signal. Soft-start function operates by sourcing an internal current to charge an external capacitor to about 3V. Initially, the soft-start function clamps the E/A's output of the PWM converter. As the charging voltage of the external capacitor ramps up, the PWM signals increase from zero to the point the feedback loop takes control. Short-Circuit Protection The outputs are protected against the short circuit. The AP2014 protects the circuit for shorted output by sensing the output voltage (through the external resistor divider). The AP2014 shuts down the PWM signals, when the output voltage drops below 0.6V (0.4V for AP2014A).
The AP2014 also protects the output from over-voltaging when the control FET is shorted. This is done by turning on the sync FET with the maximum duty cycle.
Under-Voltage Lockout The under-voltage lockout circuit assures that the MOSFET driver outputs remain in the off state whenever the supply voltage drops below set parameters. Lockout occurs if VC and VCC fall below 3.3V and 4.2V respectively. Normal operation resumes once VC and VCC rise above the set values. IC Quiescent Power Dissipation
Power dissipation for IC controller is a function of applied voltage, gate driver loads and switching frequency. The IC's maximum power dissipation occurs when the IC operating with single 12V supply voltage (Vcc=12V and Vc24V) at 400KHz switching frequency and maximum gate loads. Page 8 shows voltage vs. current, when the gate drivers loaded with 1500pF capacitors. The IC's power dissipation results in an excessive temperature rise. This should be considered when using AP2014A for such application.
AP2014/A Rev. 5
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AP2014/A
SYNCHRONOUS PWM CONTROLLER
Marking Information
(1) SOP-8L
( Top View )
8 5
Logo Part Number AP2014 : 200KHz (OSC) AP2014A : 400KHz (OSC) AP2014 X YY WW X X
1 4
L : Lead Free G : Green YY : Year : 08, 09,10~ WW : Week : 01~52; 52 represents 52 and 53 week X : Internal Code
Package Information
(1) Package Type: SOP-8L
(All Dimensions in mm)
3.85/3.95
5.90/6.10
0.10/0.20
0.254 0.62/0.82
Gauge Plane Seating Plane
Detail "A"
7~9 1.30/1.50 1.75max. 0.15/0.25
0.35max. 45
7~9
Detail "A"
0/8
1.27typ 4.85/4.95
0.3/0.5
8x-0.60 5.4 6x-1.27 8x-1.55
Land Pattern Recommendation (Unit: mm)
AP2014/A Rev. 5
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AP2014/A
SYNCHRONOUS PWM CONTROLLER
IMPORTANT NOTICE Diodes Incorporated and its subsidiaries reserve the right to make modifications, enhancements, improvements, corrections or other changes without further notice to any product herein. Diodes Incorporated does not assume any liability arising out of the application or use of any product described herein; neither does it convey any license under its patent rights, nor the rights of others. The user of products in such applications shall assume all risks of such use and will agree to hold Diodes Incorporated and all the companies whose products are represented on our website, harmless against all damages. LIFE SUPPORT Diodes Incorporated products are not authorized for use as critical components in life support devices or systems without the expressed written approval of the President of Diodes Incorporated.
AP2014/A Rev. 5
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